Credits & licences

All media on this site come from Wikimedia Commons and carry a free licence. The tables below give the author, the licence and a link to the source page for each file. Many recordings were originally made by volunteers of xeno-canto, the open archive of bird sounds.

Photographs

Species	Author	Licence	Source file
American wigeon Mareca americana	Frank Schulenburg	CC BY-SA 4.0	Male american wigeon at Llano Seco.jpg
Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Puffin (Fratercula arctica) 2.jpg
Baillon's crake Zapornia pusilla	Tisha Mukherjee	CC BY-SA 4.0	Baillon's Crake in Baruipur February 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 03.jpg
Bar-headed goose Anser indicus	Horst J. Meuter	CC BY-SA 4.0	Streifengans - Indische Gans - Anser indicus - 03.jpg
Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Bar-tailed Godwit.jpg
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica	Andreas Eichler	CC BY-SA 3.0	2013.06.23.-11-Wesenberg-Rauchschwalbe.jpg
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis	Andreas Weith	CC BY-SA 4.0	Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis).jpg
Bewick's swan Cygnus bewickii	Maga-chan	CC BY-SA 2.5	Cygnus bewickii 01.jpg
Black grouse Lyrurus tetrix	Spjutkastare	CC BY-SA 4.0	Orrtuppen.jpg
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros	Muelder	CC BY-SA 4.0	Black redstart (male), Phoenicurus ochruros.jpg
Black swan Cygnus atratus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Black swan (Cygnus atratus) Bruny.jpg
Black tern Chlidonias niger	TRinaud	CC BY 4.0	Black tern (Chlidonias niger) 2021.jpg
Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius	Thomas Fuhrmann	CC BY-SA 4.0	Black Woodpecker - Dryocopus martius.jpg
Black-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola	Zeynel Cebeci	CC BY-SA 4.0	Pluvialis squatarola - Grey plover, Mersin 2016-12-11 01-3.jpg
Black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Black-headed gull breeding plumage.jpg
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Black-tailed Godwit Uferschnepfe.jpg
Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Stelzenläufer (Himantopus himantopus).jpg
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica	El Golli Mohamed	CC BY-SA 4.0	Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) at Ichkeul NP.jpg
Brant Branta bernicla	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY 4.0	Dunkelbäuchige Ringelgans (Branta bernicla bernicla) auf Norderney 02.jpg
Canada goose Branta canadensis	Lystopad	CC BY-SA 4.0	Branta canadensis - Canada goose - Kharkiv Gorky Park - 01.jpg
Caspian gull Larus cachinnans	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) summer Danube delta.jpg
Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY 4.0	Raubseeschwalbe (Hydroprogne caspia) im NSG "Unterer Neckar, Altneckar Heidelberg-Wieblingen" 01.jpg
Chilean flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis	Satdeep Gill	CC BY-SA 4.0	Chilean Flamingo at Chungara Lake 01.jpg
Common Blackbird Turdus merula	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common blackbird (Turdus merula) male, young adult.jpg
Common Buzzard Buteo buteo	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Common buzzard 2024-01-20.jpg
Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 3.0	Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) male.jpg
Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Common Chiffchaff 2025 04 04 01.jpg
Common Crane Grus grus	Andreas Weith	CC BY-SA 4.0	Crane (Grus grus) calling).jpg
Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus	Reinhold Möller	CC BY-SA 4.0	Bösenbechhofen Weiher Kuckuck Cuculus canorus-20240608-RM-170659.jpg
Common eider Somateria mollissima	Hobbyfotowiki	CC0	Common eider (Somateria mollissima).jpg
Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula	NasserHalaweh	CC BY-SA 4.0	Anatidae Bucephala clangula 1.jpg
Common greenshank Tringa nebularia	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Greenshank (Tringa nebularia).jpg
Common gull Larus canus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common gull (Larus canus) adult breeding Oppdal.jpg
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) male Farmoor.jpg
Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis ispida) female.jpg
Common merganser Mergus merganser	Tony Hisgett	CC BY 2.0	Mergus merganser -Sandwell -England -male-8.jpg
Common murre Uria aalge	Hobbyfotowiki	CC0	Common guillemot (Uria aalge), Heligoland.jpg
Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY 4.0	Luscinia megarhynchos Moëze-Oléron 20250506.jpg
Common pochard Aythya ferina	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Common Pochard 2026 04 06 04.jpg
Common quail Coturnix coturnix	christoph_moning	CC BY 4.0	Coturnix coturnix, Fraunberg, Bayern, Deutschland 1.jpg
Common redshank Tringa totanus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common redshank (Tringa totanus) breeding Marken.jpg
Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula) Oppdal.jpg
Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), Sfax, Tunisia.jpg
Common scoter Melanitta nigra	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY-SA 4.0	Männliche Trauerente (Melanitta nigra) - Spiekeroog, Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg
Common shelduck Tadorna tadorna	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) male 2.jpg
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common snipe (Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis) Botnsvatn.jpg
Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris	PierreSelim	CC BY-SA 3.0	Toulouse - Sturnus vulgaris - 2012-02-26 - 2.jpg
Common Swift Apus apus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Common Swift 2025 07 18 02.jpg
Common Tern Sterna hirundo	Alexis Lours	CC BY 2.0	Common tern landing on a branch.jpg
Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Common Wood Pigeon 2025 05 23.jpg
Corn crake Crex crex	Ron Knight	CC BY 2.0	Crex crex, Beachy Head 3.jpg
Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea	Davidvraju	CC BY-SA 4.0	Curlew sandpiper David Raju.jpg
Dovekie Alle alle	AWeith	CC BY-SA 4.0	Little Auk (Alle alle), Fuglesangen, Svalbard.jpg
Dunlin Calidris alpina	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY-SA 4.0	Alpenstrandläufer (calidris alpina) - Spiekeroog, Nationalpark niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg
Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY 4.0	Schwarzhalstaucher (Podiceps nigricollis) im NSG Wagbachniederung 1.jpg
Egyptian goose Alopochen aegyptiaca	Jules Verne Times Two	CC BY-SA 4.0	Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), Calouste Gulbenkian Garden, Lisbon, Portugal julesvernex2.jpg
Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris	Chme82	CC BY-SA 4.0	Rohrdommel Flachsee.jpg
Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) male Drenthe.jpg
Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus	Martin Kunz	CC BY-SA 4.0	Cyanistes caeruleus sitting on branch.jpg
Eurasian collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto	Zeynel Cebeci	CC BY-SA 4.0	Streptopelia decaocto, Mersin 2017-07-15 01-1.jpg
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Eurasian coot (Fulica atra) reflections.jpg
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Curlew (Numenius arquata) in flight.jpg
Eurasian dotterel Eudromias morinellus	Helwig Brunner	CC BY-SA 2.5	Charadrius morinellus male.jpg
Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo	Kamil.	CC BY-SA 3.0	Bubo bubo winter 1.jpg
Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus	Carlo Caimi	CC0	Rigogolo-maschio-Lazio, isola di Ventotene (LT) 19.4.2024.jpg
Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops	Pamyd85	CC BY-SA 4.0	Upupa in posa.jpg
Eurasian Magpie Pica pica	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Eurasian magpie 2024 03 03 02.jpg
Eurasian moorhen Gallinula chloropus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) France.jpg
Eurasian nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus	Andrew Bazdyrev	CC BY 4.0	Caprimulgus europaeus 161683178.jpg
Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus	Richard Bartz	CC BY-SA 3.0	Austernfischer Haematopus ostralegus Iceland RB.jpg
Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis	Diliff	CC BY-SA 3.0	Skylark 2, Lake District, England - June 2009.jpg
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus	Isiwal	CC BY-SA 4.0	Sperber Accipiter nisus-9973-2.jpg
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg
Eurasian teal Anas crecca	Jacek Halicki	CC BY-SA 4.0	2015 Cyraneczka zwyczajna (samiec).jpg
Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope	Laitche	CC BY-SA 4.0	Eurasian wigeon in Sakai, Osaka, February 2016.jpg
Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY-SA 4.0	Waldschnepfe (scolopax rusticola) - Spiekeroog, Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer.jpg
Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Eurasian wren 2023 12 31 02.jpg
Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla	Бусел В.А.	CC BY-SA 4.0	Jynx torquilla крутиголовка.jpg
European Bee-eater Merops apiaster	Pierre Dalous	CC BY-SA 3.0	Merops apiaster 04.jpg
European golden-plover Pluvialis apricaria	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	European golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria) female breeding Keflavik.jpg
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis	Francis C. Franklin	CC BY-SA 3.0	Carduelis carduelis close up.jpg
European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	European green woodpecker (Picus viridis) male.JPG
European Herring Gull Larus argentatus	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY 4.0	Silbermöwe (Larus argentatus) auf Spiekeroog 05.jpg
European Robin Erithacus rubecula	Francis C. Franklin	CC BY-SA 3.0	Erithacus rubecula with cocked head.jpg
European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur turtur) Hungary.jpg
Ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Aythya nyroca Georges-Valbon 05.jpg
Gadwall Mareca strepera	Mdf	CC BY-SA 3.0	Anas-strepera-001.jpg
Garganey Spatula querquedula	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Garganey (Spatula querquedula) male.jpg
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos	Giles Laurent	CC BY-SA 4.0	015 Wild Golden Eagle in flight at Pfyn-Finges (Switzerland) Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
Gray partridge Perdix perdix	TRinaud	CC BY 4.0	Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) 2020.jpg
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	Kristian Pikner	CC BY-SA 4.0	Kormoran - The great cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo.jpg
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Podiceps cristatus George-Valbon.jpg
Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus	Eugene Stolyarov	CC BY-SA 4.0	Очеретянка велика (англ. Great Reed Warbler; лат. Acrocephalus arundinaceus).jpg
Great skua Stercorarius skua	Bouke ten Cate	CC BY-SA 4.0	Great skua (Stercorarius skua) 02.jpg
Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major	Andreas Eichler	CC BY-SA 4.0	2015.05.08.-04-Kaefertaler Wald-Mannheim--Buntspecht-Weibchen.jpg
Great Tit Parus major	Giles Laurent	CC BY-SA 4.0	029 Great tit standing on flowering Wisteria in Glâne District Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	Giles Laurent	CC BY-SA 4.0	001 Greater flamingo in flight in the Camargue Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
Greater scaup Aythya marila	Chuck Homler d/b/a Focus On Wildlife	CC BY-SA 4.0	Drake Greater scaup (Aythya marila) Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, USA.jpg
Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons	Frank Schulenburg	CC BY-SA 4.0	Greater white-fronted goose in flight-1045.jpg
Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus	Roland Riedel	CC BY 4.0	Green Sandpiper (Tringa ochropus).jpg
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea	Isiwal	CC BY-SA 4.0	Graureiher Ardea cinerea-4883.jpg
Greylag Goose Anser anser	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Greylag goose (Anser anser) head.jpg
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	Pierre Dalous	CC BY-SA 3.0	Gyps fulvus in flight - Spain.jpg
Gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica	Imran Shah from Islamabad, Pakistan	CC BY-SA 2.0	Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) (34149541540).jpg
Horned grebe Podiceps auritus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Slavonian Grebe (Podiceps auritus auritus) breeding Kaldbakstjarnir 3.jpg
Jack snipe Lymnocryptes minimus	Burzawa Clément	CC BY-SA 4.0	Lymnocryptes minimus au sol.jpg
Kentish plover Anarhynchus alexandrinus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus) Sfax.jpg
Lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus graellsii).jpg
Lesser white-fronted goose Anser erythropus	Ken Billington	CC BY-SA 3.0	Lesser white fronted goose (Anser erythropus) (5).JPG
Little crake Zapornia parva	Martien Brand	CC BY 2.0	Porzana parva Vlaskop cropped.jpg
Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis	El Golli Mohamed	CC BY-SA 4.0	Grèbe castagneux Lac de Tunis.jpg
Little gull Hydrocoloeus minutus	Ekaterina Chernetsova (Papchinskaya) from Saint-Petersburg, Russia	CC BY 2.0	Hydrocoloeus minutus Russia 42.jpg
Little Owl Athene noctua	Houssembo	CC BY-SA 4.0	Chevêche d'Athéna (Athene noctua).jpg
Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius	Zeynel Cebeci	CC BY-SA 4.0	Charadrius dubius - Little ringed plover 05.jpg
Little stint Calidris minuta	El Golli Mohamed	CC BY-SA 4.0	Bécasseau minute Thyna007.jpg
Long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) breeding male Oppdal.jpg
Long-tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY 4.0	Long-tailed jaeger in Aulavik 02.jpg
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos	Richard Bartz	CC BY-SA 2.5	Anas platyrhynchos male female.jpg
Mandarin duck Aix galericulata	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) male 2.jpg
Mediterranean gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus	Pierre-Marie Epiney	CC BY-SA 2.0	Mouette mélanocéphale Larus melanocephalus aDSC 6621 (52079316688).jpg
Mute Swan Cygnus olor	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Mute swan (Cygnus olor) taking off.jpg
Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Northern lapwing 2025 09 27 02.jpg
Northern pintail Anas acuta	Frank Schulenburg	CC BY-SA 4.0	Male northern pintail at Llano Seco.jpg
Northern Raven Corvus corax	Accipiter (R. Altenkamp, Berlin)	CC BY-SA 3.0	Corvus corax ad berlin 090516.jpg
Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata) male Marken.jpg
Osprey Pandion haliaetus	El Golli Mohamed	CC BY-SA 4.0	Balbuzard pecheur Lac de Tunis.jpg
Parasitic jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus) in flight Keflavikurbjarg.jpg
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus	Sumeet Moghe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Peregrine Falcon (male) cropped.jpg
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) France.jpg
Pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus	Caroline Legg	CC BY 2.0	Pink-Footed Goose - Anser brachyrhynchus (51446836402).jpg
Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus	peterichman	CC BY-SA 2.0	Pomarine Skua ( Stercorarius pomarinus ) Adult summer ... Coatham Sands , Redcar (53247051024).jpg
Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima	Hobbyfotowiki	CC0	Calidris maritima, Island of Wangerooge.jpg
Razorbill Alca torda	Chme82	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tordalk (Alca torda) Handa.jpg
Red Kite Milvus milvus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Red kite (Milvus milvus).jpg
Red Knot Calidris canutus	Hans Hillewaert	CC BY-SA 4.0	Calidris canutus (summer).jpg
Red phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius	Christoph Moning	CC BY 4.0	Phalaropus fulicarius 98755138.jpg
Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio).jpg
Red-breasted goose Branta ruficollis	Andy Morffew	CC BY 2.0	Red-breasted Goose (10545127284).jpg
Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator	Needsmoreritalin	CC BY-SA 4.0	Red-breasted Merganser male (Mergus serrator), Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, USA.jpg
Red-crested pochard Netta rufina	Christian David	CC BY-SA 4.0	Nette rousse (Netta rufina), mâle, au bord du Léman.jpg
Red-necked grebe Podiceps grisegena	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisegena grisegena) breeding adult Gronjordssoen.jpg
Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) male Flatey.jpg
Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) male 3.jpg
Rock pigeon Columba livia	dipper12	CC BY 4.0	Columba livia (Rock Dove, wild), Duncansby Head, Caithness, Scotland 2.jpg
Ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis	MPF	CC BY-SA 4.0	Oxyura jamaicensis, feral, Swallow Pond, Northumberland.jpg
Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea	Timothy Gonsalves	CC BY-SA 4.0	Ruddy Shelduck Chandratal Spiti Himachal Jun18 D72 7911.jpg
Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres	Hobbyfotowiki	CC0	Ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Seltjarnarnes, Iceland.jpg
Ruff Calidris pugnax	Wald1siedel	CC BY-SA 4.0	Philomachus pugnaxRuffKampfläufer.JPG
Sanderling Calidris alba	Stephan Sprinz	CC BY 4.0	Sanderling Westkapelle 02.jpg
Smew Mergellus albellus	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Mergellus albellus, Zevenhuizen, Texel, Netherlands 1.jpg
Snow goose Anser caerulescens	Andy Reago & Chrissy McClarren	CC BY 2.0	Snow Goose (24510697391).jpg
Spotted crake Porzana porzana	Marek Szczepanek	CC BY-SA 3.0	Porzana porzana 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg
Spotted redshank Tringa erythropus	Mildeep	CC BY-SA 4.0	Spotted-Redshank.jpg
Stock dove Columba oenas	MPF	CC BY-SA 4.0	2019-03-17 Columba oenas, Jesmond Dene 1.jpg
Taiga bean-goose Anser fabalis	Hobbyfotowiki	CC0	Anser fabalis fabalis (Taiga Bean Goose), Naturschutzgebiet Schellbruch, Lübeck, Germany.jpg
Tawny Owl Strix aluco	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Waldkauz-Strix aluco.jpg
Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii	Andreas Trepte	CC BY-SA 2.5	Temmincks Stint.jpg
Tufted duck Aythya fuligula	Richard Bartz	CC BY-SA 2.5	Aythya fuligula Hires.jpg
Tundra bean-goose Anser serrirostris	Mike's Birds	CC BY-SA 2.0	Tundra-bean Goose (53065925193).jpg
Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca	Frank Vassen	CC BY 2.0	Männliche Samtente (Melanitta fusca), Etangs de Stavelot, Belgien (38631119665).jpg
Water rail Rallus aquaticus	Alexis Lours	CC BY 4.0	Water rail 2022 04 30 01.jpg
Western Barn Owl Tyto alba	Alun Williams333	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tyto alba tylluan wen.jpg
Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) male Danube delta.jpg
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus	Pierre Dalous	CC BY-SA 3.0	Numenius phaeopus in Bouches du Rhône, France.jpg
Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida	TRinaud	CC BY 4.0	Whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) 2021.jpg
White Stork Ciconia ciconia	Carlos Delgado	CC BY-SA 3.0	Ciconia ciconia - 01.jpg
White-winged tern Chlidonias leucopterus	Nrg800	CC BY-SA 4.0	Chlidonias leucopterus 2023-04-08.jpg
Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus	Bengt Nyman	CC BY-SA 2.0	NZ7 5043 (52809232287).jpg
Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola	Kramthenik27	CC BY-SA 4.0	The wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola).jpg
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella	Charles J. Sharp	CC BY-SA 4.0	Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) male Drenthe.jpg

Recordings

Species	Author	Licence	Source file
Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) (W1CDR0001416 BD3).ogg
Baillon's crake Zapornia pusilla	Sharadapte	CC BY-SA 4.0	Baillon's crake call recorded in January 2020 at Sangli.wav
Bar-headed goose Anser indicus	Akasmita	CC BY-SA 4.0	Bar-headed geese (Call).wav
Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica	Lauri Hallikainen	CC BY-SA 4.0	XC234849-Default Project.ogg
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica	Jonathon Jongsma	CC BY-SA 3.0	Hirundo rustica - Barn Swallow XC83449.mp3
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Branta leucopsis - Barnacle Goose XC466464.mp3
Black grouse Lyrurus tetrix	Carl Steinbeißer	CC BY-SA 4.0	Black grouse - rolling sounds.ogg
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Phoenicurus ochruros - Black Redstart XC473244.mp3
Black tern Chlidonias niger	Jonathon Jongsma	CC BY-SA 4.0	Chlidonias niger - Black Tern XC428426.mp3
Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius	Alexander Kurthy	CC BY-SA 4.0	Dryocopus martius - Black Woodpecker XC108340.mp3
Black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Nikita Panfilov	CC BY-SA 4.0	Chroicocephalus ridibundus - Black-headed Gull XC571971.mp3
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Limosa limosa - Black-tailed Godwit XC466468.mp3
Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Himantopus himantopus - Black-winged Stilt XC431789.mp3
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica	Justin Jansen	CC BY 3.0	Luscinia svecica song.ogg
Brant Branta bernicla	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Branta bernicla - Brant Goose XC466463.mp3
Canada goose Branta canadensis	Jonathon Jongsma	CC BY-SA 3.0	Branta canadensis - Canada Goose XC178135.mp3
Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Hydroprogne caspia - Caspian Tern XC432679.mp3
Common Blackbird Turdus merula	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Turdus merula - Common Blackbird XC536573.mp3
Common Buzzard Buteo buteo	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Buteo buteo - Common Buzzard XC538678.mp3
Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs	Hannu Varkki	CC BY-SA 4.0	Fringilla coelebs - Common Chaffinch XC489896.mp3
Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Phylloscopus collybita - Common Chiffchaff XC478019.mp3
Common Crane Grus grus	Pálos Lőrinc	CC BY-SA 4.0	Grus grus - Common Crane XC594758.mp3
Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Cuculus canorus - Common Cuckoo XC554785.mp3
Common eider Somateria mollissima	Aubrey John Williams	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) (W1CDR0001491 BD11).ogg
Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Bucephala clangula - Common Goldeneye XC518957.mp3
Common greenshank Tringa nebularia	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tringa nebularia - Common Greenshank XC494033.mp3
Common gull Larus canus	Ryan Hodnett	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common Gull (Fiskemåke) (Larus canus) - Tromsø, Norway 2023-07-07 (08).mp3
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Falco tinnunculus - Common Kestrel XC589714.mp3
Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Alcedo atthis - Common Kingfisher XC476785.mp3
Common merganser Mergus merganser	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Mergus merganser - Common Merganser XC513502.mp3
Common murre Uria aalge	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common Guillemot (Uria aalge) (W1CDR0001424 BD6).ogg
Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Luscinia megarhynchos - Common Nightingale XC473316.mp3
Common pochard Aythya ferina	Noé Ferrari	CC BY 4.0	Porrón europeo · Aythya ferina.wav
Common quail Coturnix coturnix	Lawrence Shove	CC BY-SA 4.0	Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) (W1CDR0001390 BD1).ogg
Common redshank Tringa totanus	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tringa totanus - Common Redshank XC466470.mp3
Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Charadrius hiaticula - Common Ringed Plover XC432627.mp3
Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Actitis hypoleucos - Common Sandpiper XC432214.mp3
Common scoter Melanitta nigra	Luis Alvarez Menendez	CC BY-SA 4.0	Melanitta nigra - Common Scoter XC542372.mp3
Common shelduck Tadorna tadorna	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tadorna tadorna - Common Shelduck XC466466.mp3
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Gallinago gallinago - Common Snipe XC433287.mp3
Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Sturnus vulgaris - Common Starling XC516954.mp3
Common Swift Apus apus	Luis Alvarez Menendez	CC BY-SA 4.0	Apus apus - Common Swift XC554033.mp3
Common Tern Sterna hirundo	Mdf	CC BY-SA 3.0	Sterna-hirundo-002.ogg
Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Columba palumbus - Common Wood Pigeon XC561877.mp3
Corn crake Crex crex	Robert Petersen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Crex crex - Corn Crake XC562718.mp3
Dunlin Calidris alpina	Luis Alvarez Menendez	CC BY-SA 4.0	Calidris alpina - Dunlin XC545082.mp3
Egyptian goose Alopochen aegyptiaca	Kolmkolm	CC BY-SA 4.0	Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) Germany.ogg
Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris	Miro Demko	CC BY-SA 3.0	Botaurus stellaris - Eurasian Bittern XC362697.mp3
Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Sylvia atricapilla - Eurasian Blackcap XC543215.mp3
Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Cyanistes caeruleus - Eurasian Blue Tit XC539315.mp3
Eurasian collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto	Jonathon Jongsma	CC BY-SA 3.0	Streptopelia decaocto - Eurasian Collared Dove XC82758.mp3
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra	Beeld en Geluid	CC BY-SA 3.0	Alarmroep van een meerkoet bij een nest met jongen - SoundCloud - Beeld en Geluid.ogg
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Numenius arquata - Eurasian Curlew XC466469.mp3
Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo	Robert Petersen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Bubo bubo - Eurasian Eagle-Owl XC604112.mp3
Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Oriolus oriolus - Eurasian Golden Oriole XC431707.mp3
Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops	Alexander Kurthy	CC BY-SA 4.0	Upupa epops - Eurasian Hoopoe XC108366.mp3
Eurasian Magpie Pica pica	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Pica pica - Eurasian Magpie XC537413.mp3
Eurasian moorhen Gallinula chloropus	Borja	CC BY-SA 4.0	Gallinula chloropus - Common Moorhen XC424197.mp3
Eurasian nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus	ChristianSW	CC0	Caprimulgus europaeus - European Nightjar XC1008591.mp3
Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Haematopus ostralegus - Eurasian Oystercatcher XC466474.mp3
Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Alauda arvensis - Eurasian Skylark XC484052.mp3
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus	Alvaro Ortiz Troncoso	CC BY-SA 4.0	Accipiter nisus - Eurasian Sparrowhawk XC467097.mp3
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Platalea leucorodia - Eurasian Spoonbill XC432229.mp3
Eurasian teal Anas crecca	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca) (W1CDR0001378 BD3).ogg
Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Eurasian Wigeon (Anas penelope) (W1CDR0001386 BD2).ogg
Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola	ChristianSW	CC0	Chocha perdiz (Scolopax rusticola) y Mosquitero común (Phylloscopus collybita).mp3
Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Troglodytes troglodytes - Eurasian Wren XC461185.mp3
Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla	Kim Erlend Vidal	CC BY-SA 4.0	Jynx torquilla - Eurasian Wryneck XC561861.mp3
European Bee-eater Merops apiaster	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Merops apiaster - European Bee-eater XC477953.mp3
European golden-plover Pluvialis apricaria	Mikko Heikkinen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Pluvialis apricaria - European Golden Plover XC471077.mp3
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Carduelis carduelis - European Goldfinch XC473287.mp3
European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Picus viridis - European Green Woodpecker XC542203.mp3
European Herring Gull Larus argentatus	Sonothèque ADVL	CC0	XC707075 - European Herring Gull - Larus argentatus.mp3
European Robin Erithacus rubecula	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Erithacus rubecula - European Robin XC509375.mp3
European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Streptopelia turtur - European Turtle Dove XC582028.mp3
Gadwall Mareca strepera	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Mareca strepera - Gadwall XC436359.mp3
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) (W1CDR0001387 BD6).ogg
Gray partridge Perdix perdix	Jochem Verweij	CC BY-SA 4.0	Perdiz pardilla (Perdix perdix).mp3
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo	Sonothèque ADVL	CC0	Cormorán grande (Phalacrocorax carbo).mp3
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus	Aubrey John Williams	CC BY-SA 4.0	Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) (W1CDR0001488 BD4).ogg
Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus	Jan Cibulka	CC BY-SA 4.0	Acrocephalus arundinaceus - Great Reed Warbler XC368405.mp3
Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major	T. Voekler	CC BY-SA 3.0	Great Spotted Woodpecker drum.ogg
Great Tit Parus major	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Parus major - Great Tit XC538934.mp3
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Phoenicopterus roseus - Greater Flamingo XC432217.mp3
Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons	Jens Loose	CC BY-SA 4.0	Anser albifrons - Greater White-fronted Goose XC528351.mp3
Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tringa ochropus - Green Sandpiper XC432903.mp3
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Ardea cinerea - Grey Heron XC531166.mp3
Greylag Goose Anser anser	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Anser anser - Greylag Goose XC436358.mp3
Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus	Thomas Signeau	CC BY-SA 4.0	Buitre leonado (Gyps fulvus).wav
Gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Gelochelidon nilotica - Gull-billed Tern XC431990.mp3
Kentish plover Anarhynchus alexandrinus	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Charadrius alexandrinus - Kentish Plover XC432232.mp3
Lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus	Tanguy Loïs	CC BY-SA 4.0	Gaviota sombría (Larus fuscus).wav
Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis	Flor WMCH	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tachybaptus ruficollis (call).wav
Little Owl Athene noctua	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Athene noctua - Little Owl XC432927.mp3
Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Charadrius dubius - Little Ringed Plover XC553046.mp3
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Anas platyrhynchos - Mallard XC518422.mp3
Mute Swan Cygnus olor	Alexander Kürthy	CC BY-SA 3.0	Cygnus olor - Mute Swan XC307509.mp3
Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus	Horsto	CC BY-SA 4.0	Vanellus vanellus - Northern Lapwing XC247886.mp3
Northern pintail Anas acuta	Luis Alvarez Menendez	CC BY-SA 4.0	Anas acuta - Northern Pintail XC543138.mp3
Northern Raven Corvus corax	Benjamin Mayer	CC BY-SA 4.0	Corvus corax - Northern Raven XC488951.mp3
Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata	Bubulcus	CC BY 3.0	Northern shoveler.ogg
Osprey Pandion haliaetus	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (W1CDR0001434 BD8).ogg
Parasitic jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus	Doug Hynes	CC BY-SA 4.0	Stercorarius parasiticus - Parasitic Jaeger XC609518.mp3
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus	Sternanita3	CC BY-SA 4.0	Halcón peregrino.ogg
Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta	Ryan Hodnett	CC BY-SA 4.0	Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) - Parc Natural de s'Albufera, Spain 2022-04-21 (05).mp3
Razorbill Alca torda	British Library	CC BY-SA 4.0	Razorbill (Alca torda) (W1CDR0001424 BD7).ogg
Red Kite Milvus milvus	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Milvus milvus - Red Kite XC576967.mp3
Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Lanius collurio - Red-backed Shrike XC493745.mp3
Red-breasted goose Branta ruficollis	Grégoire Chauvot	CC0	Red-breasted Goose call (Branta ruficollis).ogg
Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator	Jonathon Jongsma	CC BY-SA 3.0	Mergus serrator - Red-breasted Merganser XC139389.ogg
Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus	Jonathon Jongsma	CC BY-SA 3.0	Phalaropus lobatus - Red-necked Phalarope XC109658.mp3
Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Phasianus colchicus - Common Pheasant XC484051.mp3
Rock pigeon Columba livia	Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart	CC BY-SA 4.0	Columba livia - Rock Dove XC539061.mp3
Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tadorna ferruginea - Ruddy Shelduck XC466477.mp3
Snow goose Anser caerulescens	Hans Lütgens	CC BY-SA 3.0	Chen caerulescens Lue0063 01.wav
Spotted crake Porzana porzana	Lawrence Shove	CC BY-SA 4.0	Spotted Crake (Porzana porzana) (W1CDR0001382 BD3).ogg
Spotted redshank Tringa erythropus	Jens Loose	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tringa erythropus - Spotted Redshank XC608967.mp3
Stock dove Columba oenas	Hannu Varkki	CC BY-SA 4.0	Columba oenas - Stock Dove XC489891.mp3
Tawny Owl Strix aluco	Alvaro Ortiz Troncoso	CC BY-SA 4.0	Strix aluco - Tawny Owl XC583836.mp3
Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii	Vladimir Yu. Arkhipov (Arkhivov)	CC BY-SA 4.0	Calidris temminckii song.ogg
Tufted duck Aythya fuligula	Jamescandless	CC BY-SA 3.0	Tufted Duck.ogg
Tundra bean-goose Anser serrirostris	Jochem Verweij	CC BY-SA 4.0	Anser serrirostris - Tundra Bean Goose XC512591.mp3
Water rail Rallus aquaticus	Franz Lindinger	CC BY-SA 4.0	Rallus aquaticus - Water Rail XC387327.mp3
Western Barn Owl Tyto alba	Joost van Bruggen	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tyto alba - Western Barn Owl XC433736.mp3
Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus	Sternanita2	CC BY-SA 4.0	Call circus aeruginosus.ogg
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus	Luis Alvarez Menendez	CC BY-SA 4.0	Numenius phaeopus - Whimbrel XC551246.mp3
Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida	Sharadapte	CC BY-SA 4.0	Whiskered tern flight call recorded in March 2017 at Bhigwan, Pune.wav
White Stork Ciconia ciconia	felix.blume	CC BY-SA 3.0	Ciconia ciconia bill-clattering.ogg
Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus	Olivier Grimm	CC BY-SA 4.0	Cygnus cygnus - Whooper Swan XC561008.mp3
Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola	Pascal Christe	CC BY-SA 4.0	Tringa glareola - Wood Sandpiper XC487833.mp3
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella	Benoît Van Hecke	CC BY-SA 4.0	Emberiza citrinella - Yellowhammer XC531169.mp3

Texts

The texts on this site were written for this guide. Factual data on measurements, distribution and status draw on standard field guides and the IUCN Red List.

Typeface

Running text is set in Montserrat by Julieta Ulanovsky; titles, bird names, labels and the legend are set in Antonio, a narrow, tall grotesque in the spirit of the classic field guide covers. Both are under the SIL Open Font License 1.1 and are served from this site itself, so no request goes to an outside server.