Submit a photograph

The photographs in this guide are freely licensed and show free-living wild birds. Anyone with such a photograph can offer it here.

Each species has one main photograph and, below it, additions: the other sex, winter plumage, a young bird, a chick. A submitted photograph is considered if it shows a plumage or a stage the page still lacks, or is clearly better than what is there. The author judges every submission himself; nothing goes on the site automatically. Replies are sent by e-mail.

What a photograph must meet

• A free, living, wild bird in the field — no cage, mesh, fence, aviary, zoo or breeding centre.
• No ring or transmitter in view, no hand, no mounted specimen, no dead bird.
• A photograph, not a print, drawing or screenshot; without a watermark, caption or logo in the image.
• Landscape or square, sharp, and at least 1600 pixels on the long side. JPEG or PNG, up to 20 MB.
• Your own: you are the photographer and you release it under one of the three licences below.

Where the guide still lacks a photograph

For these species no freely licensed photograph of a living wild bird exists:

• Slender-billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris
• Common buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus
• Monteiro's storm petrel Hydrobates monteiroi
• Barolo shearwater Puffinus baroli
• Desert owl Strix hadorami
• Arabian lark Eremalauda eremodites

The form

Photograph

JPEG or PNG, landscape, long side at least 1600 pixels, at most 20 MB. An iPhone converts a HEIC photo by itself.

Species

— African blue tit — Cyanistes teneriffae African chaffinch — Fringilla spodiogenys African collared dove — Streptopelia roseogrisea African desert warbler — Curruca deserti African houbara — Chlamydotis undulata African sacred ibis — Threskiornis aethiopicus Alexandrine parakeet — Psittacula eupatria Algerian nuthatch — Sitta ledanti Allen's gallinule — Porphyrio alleni Alpine accentor — Prunella collaris Alpine chough — Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine swift — Tachymarptis melba American flamingo — Phoenicopterus ruber American golden-plover — Pluvialis dominica American kestrel — Falco sparverius American pipit — Anthus rubescens American robin — Turdus migratorius American wigeon — Mareca americana Aquatic warbler — Acrocephalus paludicola Arabian babbler — Argya squamiceps Arabian green bee-eater — Merops cyanophrys Arabian lark — Eremalauda eremodites Arabian warbler — Curruca leucomelaena Arctic loon — Gavia arctica Arctic tern — Sterna paradisaea Arctic warbler — Phylloscopus borealis Armenian gull — Larus armenicus Ashy-throated parrotbill — Suthora alphonsiana Asian desert warbler — Curruca nana Atlantic canary — Serinus canaria Atlantic puffin — Fratercula arctica Atlas pied flycatcher — Ficedula speculigera Audouin's gull — Ichthyaetus audouinii Azores bullfinch — Pyrrhula murina Azores chaffinch — Fringilla moreletti Azure tit — Cyanistes cyanus Baikal teal — Sibirionetta formosa Baillon's crake — Zapornia pusilla Baird's sandpiper — Calidris bairdii Balearic warbler — Curruca balearica Baltimore oriole — Icterus galbula Band-rumped storm petrel — Hydrobates castro Bank swallow — Riparia riparia Bar-headed goose — Anser indicus Bar-tailed godwit — Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed lark — Ammomanes cinctura Barbary partridge — Alectoris barbara Barn swallow — Hirundo rustica Barnacle goose — Branta leucopsis Barolo shearwater — Puffinus baroli Barred warbler — Curruca nisoria Barrow's goldeneye — Bucephala islandica Basra reed warbler — Acrocephalus griseldis Bearded reedling — Panurus biarmicus Bearded vulture — Gypaetus barbatus Belted kingfisher — Megaceryle alcyon Berthelot's pipit — Anthus berthelotii Bewick's swan — Cygnus columbianus Bimaculated lark — Melanocorypha bimaculata Black francolin — Francolinus francolinus Black grouse — Lyrurus tetrix Black guillemot — Cepphus grylle Black kite — Milvus migrans Black lark — Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Black redstart — Phoenicurus ochruros Black scoter — Melanitta americana Black scrub robin — Cercotrichas podobe Black stork — Ciconia nigra Black swan — Cygnus atratus Black tern — Chlidonias niger Black wheatear — Oenanthe leucura Black woodpecker — Dryocopus martius Black-bellied plover — Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied sandgrouse — Pterocles orientalis Black-crowned night-heron — Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned tchagra — Tchagra senegalus Black-faced bunting — Emberiza spodocephala Black-headed bunting — Emberiza melanocephala Black-headed gull — Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed penduline tit — Remiz macronyx Black-headed weaver — Ploceus melanocephalus Black-legged kittiwake — Rissa tridactyla Black-rumped waxbill — Estrilda troglodytes Black-tailed godwit — Limosa limosa Black-throated thrush — Turdus atrogularis Black-winged kite — Elanus caeruleus Black-winged pratincole — Glareola nordmanni Black-winged stilt — Himantopus himantopus Blackpoll warbler — Setophaga striata Blackstart — Oenanthe melanura Blue rock-thrush — Monticola solitarius Blue-cheeked bee-eater — Merops persicus Blue-winged teal — Spatula discors Bluethroat — Luscinia svecica Blyth's pipit — Anthus godlewskii Blyth's reed warbler — Acrocephalus dumetorum Bohemian waxwing — Bombycilla garrulus Bolle's pigeon — Columba bollii Bonaparte's gull — Chroicocephalus philadelphia Bonelli's eagle — Aquila fasciata Booted eagle — Hieraaetus pennatus Booted warbler — Iduna caligata Boreal owl — Aegolius funereus Brambling — Fringilla montifringilla Brant — Branta bernicla Bridled tern — Onychoprion anaethetus Broad-billed sandpiper — Calidris falcinellus Brown booby — Sula leucogaster Brown shrike — Lanius cristatus Brown-necked raven — Corvus ruficollis Brown-throated martin — Riparia paludicola Buff-breasted sandpiper — Calidris subruficollis Bufflehead — Bucephala albeola Bulwer's petrel — Bulweria bulwerii Cackling goose — Branta hutchinsii Calandra lark — Melanocorypha calandra California quail — Callipepla californica Canada goose — Branta canadensis Canary Islands chaffinch — Fringilla canariensis Canary Islands chiffchaff — Phylloscopus canariensis Canary Islands stonechat — Saxicola dacotiae Canvasback — Aythya valisineria Carrion crow — Corvus corone Caspian gull — Larus cachinnans Caspian plover — Anarhynchus asiaticus Caspian tern — Hydroprogne caspia Cattle egret — Ardea ibis Caucasian grouse — Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Caucasian snowcock — Tetraogallus caucasicus Cetti's warbler — Cettia cetti Chilean flamingo — Phoenicopterus chilensis Chukar partridge — Alectoris chukar Cinereous bunting — Emberiza cineracea Cinereous vulture — Aegypius monachus Cirl bunting — Emberiza cirlus Citril finch — Carduelis citrinella Citrine wagtail — Motacilla citreola Clamorous reed warbler — Acrocephalus stentoreus Coal tit — Periparus ater Collared flycatcher — Ficedula albicollis Collared pratincole — Glareola pratincola Common blackbird — Turdus merula Common bulbul — Pycnonotus barbatus Common buttonquail — Turnix sylvaticus Common buzzard — Buteo buteo Common chaffinch — Fringilla coelebs Common chiffchaff — Phylloscopus collybita Common crane — Grus grus Common cuckoo — Cuculus canorus Common eider — Somateria mollissima Common firecrest — Regulus ignicapilla Common goldeneye — Bucephala clangula Common grasshopper-warbler — Locustella naevia Common greenshank — Tringa nebularia Common gull — Larus canus Common house-martin — Delichon urbicum Common kestrel — Falco tinnunculus Common kingfisher — Alcedo atthis Common loon — Gavia immer Common merganser — Mergus merganser Common murre — Uria aalge Common myna — Acridotheres tristis Common nightingale — Luscinia megarhynchos Common pochard — Aythya ferina Common quail — Coturnix coturnix Common redpoll — Acanthis flammea Common redshank — Tringa totanus Common redstart — Phoenicurus phoenicurus Common ringed plover — Charadrius hiaticula Common rosefinch — Carpodacus erythrinus Common sandpiper — Actitis hypoleucos Common scoter — Melanitta nigra Common shelduck — Tadorna tadorna Common snipe — Gallinago gallinago Common starling — Sturnus vulgaris Common swift — Apus apus Common tern — Sterna hirundo Common waxbill — Estrilda astrild Common wood pigeon — Columba palumbus Corn bunting — Emberiza calandra Corn crake — Crex crex Corsican finch — Carduelis corsicana Corsican nuthatch — Sitta whiteheadi Cory's shearwater — Calonectris borealis Cream-colored courser — Cursorius cursor Crested lark — Galerida cristata Crested tit — Lophophanes cristatus Cretzschmar's bunting — Emberiza caesia Crimson-winged finch — Rhodopechys sanguineus Crowned sandgrouse — Pterocles coronatus Curlew sandpiper — Calidris ferruginea Cyprus scops owl — Otus cyprius Cyprus warbler — Curruca melanothorax Cyprus wheatear — Oenanthe cypriaca Dalmatian pelican — Pelecanus crispus Dark-eyed junco — Junco hyemalis Dartford warbler — Curruca undata Dead Sea sparrow — Passer moabiticus Demoiselle crane — Grus virgo Desert finch — Rhodospiza obsoleta Desert lark — Ammomanes deserti Desert owl — Strix hadorami Desert sparrow — Passer simplex Desert wheatear — Oenanthe deserti Desertas petrel — Pterodroma deserta Double-spurred spurfowl — Pternistis bicalcaratus Dovekie — Alle alle Dunlin — Calidris alpina Dunnock — Prunella modularis Dupont's lark — Chersophilus duponti Dusky thrush — Turdus eunomus Dusky warbler — Phylloscopus fuscatus Eared grebe — Podiceps nigricollis Eastern black-eared wheatear — Oenanthe melanoleuca Eastern Bonelli's warbler — Phylloscopus orientalis Eastern olivaceous warbler — Iduna pallida Eastern Orphean warbler — Curruca crassirostris Eastern red-rumped swallow — Cecropis daurica Eastern subalpine warbler — Curruca cantillans Eastern yellow wagtail — Motacilla tschutschensis Egyptian goose — Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian nightjar — Caprimulgus aegyptius Egyptian vulture — Neophron percnopterus Elegant tern — Thalasseus elegans Eleonora's falcon — Falco eleonorae Eurasian bittern — Botaurus stellaris Eurasian blackcap — Sylvia atricapilla Eurasian blue tit — Cyanistes caeruleus Eurasian bullfinch — Pyrrhula pyrrhula Eurasian collared-dove — Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian coot — Fulica atra Eurasian crag-martin — Ptyonoprogne rupestris Eurasian curlew — Numenius arquata Eurasian dotterel — Eudromias morinellus Eurasian eagle-Owl — Bubo bubo Eurasian golden oriole — Oriolus oriolus Eurasian hobby — Falco subbuteo Eurasian hoopoe — Upupa epops Eurasian jackdaw — Coloeus monedula Eurasian jay — Garrulus glandarius Eurasian linnet — Linaria cannabina Eurasian magpie — Pica pica Eurasian moorhen — Gallinula chloropus Eurasian nightjar — Caprimulgus europaeus Eurasian nutcracker — Nucifraga caryocatactes Eurasian nuthatch — Sitta europaea Eurasian oystercatcher — Haematopus ostralegus Eurasian penduline-tit — Remiz pendulinus Eurasian pygmy-owl — Glaucidium passerinum Eurasian reed warbler — Acrocephalus scirpaceus Eurasian scops-owl — Otus scops Eurasian siskin — Spinus spinus Eurasian skylark — Alauda arvensis Eurasian sparrowhawk — Accipiter nisus Eurasian spoonbill — Platalea leucorodia Eurasian teal — Anas crecca Eurasian thick-knee — Burhinus oedicnemus Eurasian three-toed woodpecker — Picoides tridactylus Eurasian tree sparrow — Passer montanus Eurasian treecreeper — Certhia familiaris Eurasian wigeon — Mareca penelope Eurasian woodcock — Scolopax rusticola Eurasian wren — Troglodytes troglodytes Eurasian wryneck — Jynx torquilla European bee-eater — Merops apiaster European golden-plover — Pluvialis apricaria European goldfinch — Carduelis carduelis European green woodpecker — Picus viridis European greenfinch — Chloris chloris European herring gull — Larus argentatus European honey-buzzard — Pernis apivorus European pied flycatcher — Ficedula hypoleuca European robin — Erithacus rubecula European roller — Coracias garrulus European serin — Serinus serinus European shag — Gulosus aristotelis European stonechat — Saxicola rubicola European storm-petrel — Hydrobates pelagicus European turtle dove — Streptopelia turtur Eyebrowed thrush — Turdus obscurus Falcated duck — Mareca falcata Fan-tailed raven — Corvus rhipidurus Fea's petrel — Pterodroma feae Ferruginous duck — Aythya nyroca Fieldfare — Turdus pilaris Finsch's wheatear — Oenanthe finschii Forster's tern — Sterna forsteri Franklin's gull — Leucophaeus pipixcan Fulvous babbler — Argya fulva Gadwall — Mareca strepera Garden warbler — Sylvia borin Garganey — Spatula querquedula Glaucous gull — Larus hyperboreus Glossy ibis — Plegadis falcinellus Goldcrest — Regulus regulus Golden eagle — Aquila chrysaetos Golden pheasant — Chrysolophus pictus Graceful prinia — Prinia gracilis Gran Canaria blue chaffinch — Fringilla polatzeki Gray partridge — Perdix perdix Gray wagtail — Motacilla cinerea Gray-cheeked thrush — Catharus minimus Gray-headed lapwing — Vanellus cinereus Gray-headed woodpecker — Picus canus Great black-backed gull — Larus marinus Great bustard — Otis tarda Great cormorant — Phalacrocorax carbo Great crested grebe — Podiceps cristatus Great egret — Ardea alba Great gray shrike — Lanius excubitor Great grey owl — Strix nebulosa Great knot — Calidris tenuirostris Great reed warbler — Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great rosefinch — Carpodacus rubicilla Great shearwater — Ardenna gravis Great skua — Stercorarius skua Great snipe — Gallinago media Great spotted cuckoo — Clamator glandarius Great spotted woodpecker — Dendrocopos major Great tit — Parus major Great white pelican — Pelecanus onocrotalus Greater crested tern — Thalasseus bergii Greater flamingo — Phoenicopterus roseus Greater hoopoe-lark — Alaemon alaudipes Greater painted-snipe — Rostratula benghalensis Greater sand-plover — Anarhynchus leschenaultii Greater scaup — Aythya marila Greater short-toed lark — Calandrella brachydactyla Greater spotted eagle — Clanga clanga Greater white-fronted goose — Anser albifrons Greater whitethroat — Curruca communis Greater yellowlegs — Tringa melanoleuca Green heron — Butorides virescens Green sandpiper — Tringa ochropus Green warbler — Phylloscopus nitidus Greenish warbler — Phylloscopus trochiloides Grey heron — Ardea cinerea Grey hypocolius — Hypocolius ampelinus Grey-headed chickadee — Poecile cinctus Greylag goose — Anser anser Griffon vulture — Gyps fulvus Gull-billed tern — Gelochelidon nilotica Gyrfalcon — Falco rusticolus Güldenstädt's redstart — Phoenicurus erythrogastrus Harlequin duck — Histrionicus histrionicus Hawfinch — Coccothraustes coccothraustes Hazel grouse — Tetrastes bonasia Helmeted guineafowl — Numida meleagris Hen harrier — Circus cyaneus Hooded merganser — Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded wheatear — Oenanthe monacha Horned grebe — Podiceps auritus Horned lark — Eremophila alpestris House bunting — Emberiza sahari House crow — Corvus splendens House sparrow — Passer domesticus Hume's warbler — Phylloscopus humei Iberian chiffchaff — Phylloscopus ibericus Iberian green woodpecker — Picus sharpei Iberian grey shrike — Lanius meridionalis Iberian magpie — Cyanopica cooki Iceland gull — Larus glaucoides Icterine warbler — Hippolais icterina Imperial eagle — Aquila heliaca Indian silverbill — Euodice malabarica Indigo bunting — Passerina cyanea Isabelline shrike — Lanius isabellinus Isabelline wheatear — Oenanthe isabellina Italian sparrow — Passer italiae Ivory gull — Pagophila eburnea Jack snipe — Lymnocryptes minimus Kentish plover — Anarhynchus alexandrinus Killdeer — Charadrius vociferus King eider — Somateria spectabilis Krüper's nuthatch — Sitta krueperi Kurdish wheatear — Oenanthe xanthoprymna Lady Amherst's pheasant — Chrysolophus amherstiae Lanceolated warbler — Locustella lanceolata Lanner falcon — Falco biarmicus Lapland longspur — Calcarius lapponicus Laughing dove — Spilopelia senegalensis Laughing gull — Leucophaeus atricilla Laurel pigeon — Columba junoniae Leach's storm-petrel — Hydrobates leucorhous Least sandpiper — Calidris minutilla Lesser black-backed gull — Larus fuscus Lesser crested tern — Thalasseus bengalensis Lesser gray shrike — Lanius minor Lesser kestrel — Falco naumanni Lesser scaup — Aythya affinis Lesser spotted eagle — Clanga pomarina Lesser spotted woodpecker — Dryobates minor Lesser white-fronted goose — Anser erythropus Lesser whitethroat — Curruca curruca Lesser yellowlegs — Tringa flavipes Levaillant's woodpecker — Picus vaillantii Levant sparrowhawk — Tachyspiza brevipes Lichtenstein's sandgrouse — Pterocles lichtensteinii Little bittern — Botaurus minutus Little bunting — Emberiza pusilla Little bustard — Tetrax tetrax Little crake — Zapornia parva Little egret — Egretta garzetta Little grebe — Tachybaptus ruficollis Little gull — Hydrocoloeus minutus Little owl — Athene noctua Little ringed plover — Thinornis dubius Little stint — Calidris minuta Little swift — Apus affinis Little tern — Sternula albifrons Long-billed dowitcher — Limnodromus scolopaceus Long-billed pipit — Anthus similis Long-eared owl — Asio otus Long-legged buzzard — Buteo rufinus Long-tailed duck — Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed jaeger — Stercorarius longicaudus Long-tailed tit — Aegithalos caudatus MacQueen's bustard — Chlamydotis macqueenii Madeira chaffinch — Fringilla maderensis Madeira firecrest — Regulus madeirensis Maghreb magpie — Pica mauritanica Mallard — Anas platyrhynchos Mandarin duck — Aix galericulata Manx shearwater — Puffinus puffinus Marbled teal — Marmaronetta angustirostris Marmora's warbler — Curruca sarda Marsh sandpiper — Tringa stagnatilis Marsh tit — Poecile palustris Marsh warbler — Acrocephalus palustris Masked shrike — Lanius nubicus Meadow pipit — Anthus pratensis Mediterranean gull — Ichthyaetus melanocephalus Mediterranean short-toed lark — Alaudala rufescens Melodious warbler — Hippolais polyglotta Merlin — Falco columbarius Middle spotted woodpecker — Dendrocoptes medius Mistle thrush — Turdus viscivorus Mitred parakeet — Psittacara mitratus Moltoni's warbler — Curruca subalpina Monk parakeet — Myiopsitta monachus Montagu's harrier — Circus pygargus Monteiro's storm petrel — Hydrobates monteiroi Mountain chiffchaff — Phylloscopus sindianus Mourning wheatear — Oenanthe lugens Moussier's redstart — Phoenicurus moussieri Moustached warbler — Acrocephalus melanopogon Mute swan — Cygnus olor Ménétriés's warbler — Curruca mystacea Namaqua dove — Oena capensis Northern bald ibis — Geronticus eremita Northern bobwhite — Colinus virginianus Northern fulmar — Fulmarus glacialis Northern gannet — Morus bassanus Northern goshawk — Astur gentilis Northern harrier — Circus hudsonius Northern hawk owl — Surnia ulula Northern lapwing — Vanellus vanellus Northern mockingbird — Mimus polyglottos Northern pintail — Anas acuta Northern raven — Corvus corax Northern shoveler — Spatula clypeata Northern wheatear — Oenanthe oenanthe Nubian nightjar — Caprimulgus nubicus Olive-backed pipit — Anthus hodgsoni Olive-tree warbler — Hippolais olivetorum Orange-cheeked waxbill — Estrilda melpoda Oriental pratincole — Glareola maldivarum Oriental skylark — Alauda gulgula Oriental turtle-dove — Streptopelia orientalis Ortolan bunting — Emberiza hortulana Osprey — Pandion haliaetus Pacific golden-plover — Pluvialis fulva Pacific loon — Gavia pacifica Pacific swift — Apus pacificus Paddyfield warbler — Acrocephalus agricola Pale crag martin — Ptyonoprogne obsoleta Pale rockfinch — Carpospiza brachydactyla Palestine sunbird — Cinnyris osea Pallas's grasshopper warbler — Helopsaltes certhiola Pallas's gull — Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus Pallas's leaf warbler — Phylloscopus proregulus Pallid harrier — Circus macrourus Pallid scops owl — Otus brucei Pallid swift — Apus pallidus Parasitic jaeger — Stercorarius parasiticus Parrot crossbill — Loxia pytyopsittacus Pechora pipit — Anthus gustavi Pectoral sandpiper — Calidris melanotos Peregrine falcon — Falco peregrinus Pharaoh eagle-owl — Bubo ascalaphus Pied avocet — Recurvirostra avosetta Pied kingfisher — Ceryle rudis Pied wheatear — Oenanthe pleschanka Pied-billed grebe — Podilymbus podiceps Pin-tailed sandgrouse — Pterocles alchata Pin-tailed snipe — Gallinago stenura Pin-tailed whydah — Vidua macroura Pine bunting — Emberiza leucocephalos Pine grosbeak — Pinicola enucleator Pink-footed goose — Anser brachyrhynchus Plain swift — Apus unicolor Pomarine jaeger — Stercorarius pomarinus Purple heron — Ardea purpurea Purple sandpiper — Calidris maritima Pygmy cormorant — Microcarbo pygmaeus Radde's accentor — Prunella ocularis Radde's warbler — Phylloscopus schwarzi Razorbill — Alca torda Red avadavat — Amandava amandava Red crossbill — Loxia curvirostra Red grouse — Lagopus scotica Red kite — Milvus milvus Red knot — Calidris canutus Red phalarope — Phalaropus fulicarius Red-backed shrike — Lanius collurio Red-billed chough — Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Red-billed leiothrix — Leiothrix lutea Red-billed tropicbird — Phaethon aethereus Red-breasted flycatcher — Ficedula parva Red-breasted goose — Branta ruficollis Red-breasted merganser — Mergus serrator Red-crested pochard — Netta rufina Red-eyed vireo — Vireo olivaceus Red-flanked bluetail — Tarsiger cyanurus Red-footed falcon — Falco vespertinus Red-headed bunting — Emberiza bruniceps Red-knobbed coot — Fulica cristata Red-legged partridge — Alectoris rufa Red-masked parakeet — Psittacara erythrogenys Red-necked grebe — Podiceps grisegena Red-necked nightjar — Caprimulgus ruficollis Red-necked phalarope — Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked stint — Calidris ruficollis Red-rumped swallow — Cecropis rufula Red-rumped wheatear — Oenanthe moesta Red-tailed shrike — Lanius phoenicuroides Red-tailed wheatear — Oenanthe chrysopygia Red-throated loon — Gavia stellata Red-throated pipit — Anthus cervinus Red-wattled lapwing — Vanellus indicus Red-whiskered bulbul — Pycnonotus jocosus Redwing — Turdus iliacus Reed bunting — Emberiza schoeniclus Reeves's pheasant — Syrmaticus reevesii Richard's pipit — Anthus richardi Ring ouzel — Turdus torquatus Ring-billed gull — Larus delawarensis Ring-necked duck — Aythya collaris Ring-necked pheasant — Phasianus colchicus River warbler — Locustella fluviatilis Rock bunting — Emberiza cia Rock partridge — Alectoris graeca Rock pigeon — Columba livia Rock pipit — Anthus petrosus Rock ptarmigan — Lagopus muta Rock sparrow — Petronia petronia Rook — Corvus frugilegus Rose-ringed parakeet — Psittacula krameri Roseate tern — Sterna dougallii Ross's goose — Anser rossii Ross's gull — Rhodostethia rosea Rosy starling — Pastor roseus Rough-legged hawk — Buteo lagopus Ruddy duck — Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy shelduck — Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy turnstone — Arenaria interpres Rueppell's griffon — Gyps rueppelli Ruff — Calidris pugnax Rufous-tailed rock thrush — Monticola saxatilis Rufous-tailed scrub-robin — Cercotrichas galactotes Rustic bunting — Emberiza rustica Rüppell's warbler — Curruca ruppeli Sabine's gull — Xema sabini Saker falcon — Falco cherrug Sand partridge — Ammoperdix heyi Sanderling — Calidris alba Sandhill crane — Antigone canadensis Sandwich tern — Thalasseus sandvicensis Sardinian warbler — Curruca melanocephala Savi's warbler — Locustella luscinioides Scaly-breasted munia — Lonchura punctulata Scopoli's shearwater — Calonectris diomedea Scottish crossbill — Loxia scotica Sedge warbler — Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Seebohm's wheatear — Oenanthe seebohmi Semicollared flycatcher — Ficedula semitorquata Semipalmated sandpiper — Calidris pusilla Senegal thick-knee — Burhinus senegalensis Sharp-tailed sandpiper — Calidris acuminata Short-eared owl — Asio flammeus Short-toed snake-eagle — Circaetus gallicus Short-toed treecreeper — Certhia brachydactyla Siberian accentor — Prunella montanella Siberian crane — Leucogeranus leucogeranus Siberian jay — Perisoreus infaustus Siberian rubythroat — Calliope calliope Siberian stonechat — Saxicola maurus Sinai rosefinch — Carpodacus synoicus Slender-billed curlew — Numenius tenuirostris Slender-billed gull — Chroicocephalus genei Smew — Mergellus albellus Snow bunting — Plectrophenax nivalis Snow goose — Anser caerulescens Snowy owl — Bubo scandiacus Sociable lapwing — Vanellus gregarius Solitary sandpiper — Tringa solitaria Sombre tit — Poecile lugubris Song sparrow — Melospiza melodia Song thrush — Turdus philomelos Sooty falcon — Falco concolor Sooty gull — Ichthyaetus hemprichii Sooty shearwater — Ardenna grisea Sooty tern — Onychoprion fuscatus Spanish eagle — Aquila adalberti Spanish sparrow — Passer hispaniolensis Spectacled warbler — Curruca conspicillata Spotless starling — Sturnus unicolor Spotted crake — Porzana porzana Spotted flycatcher — Muscicapa striata Spotted redshank — Tringa erythropus Spotted sandgrouse — Pterocles senegallus Spotted sandpiper — Actitis macularius Spur-winged lapwing — Vanellus spinosus Squacco heron — Ardeola ralloides Stejneger's scoter — Melanitta stejnegeri Steller's eider — Polysticta stelleri Steppe eagle — Aquila nipalensis Stilt sandpiper — Calidris himantopus Stock dove — Columba oenas Streaked scrub warbler — Scotocerca inquieta Striated heron — Butorides striata Striolated bunting — Emberiza striolata Surf scoter — Melanitta perspicillata Sykes's warbler — Iduna rama Syrian serin — Serinus syriacus Syrian woodpecker — Dendrocopos syriacus Taiga bean-goose — Anser fabalis Tawny owl — Strix aluco Tawny pipit — Anthus campestris Temminck's lark — Eremophila bilopha Temminck's stint — Calidris temminckii Tenerife blue chaffinch — Fringilla teydea Tennessee warbler — Leiothlypis peregrina Terek sandpiper — Xenus cinereus Thekla's lark — Galerida theklae Thick-billed lark — Ramphocoris clotbey Thick-billed murre — Uria lomvia Thrush nightingale — Luscinia luscinia Tree pipit — Anthus trivialis Tristram's starling — Onychognathus tristramii Tristram's warbler — Curruca deserticola Trocaz pigeon — Columba trocaz Trumpeter finch — Bucanetes githagineus Tufted duck — Aythya fuligula Tundra bean-goose — Anser serrirostris Turkestan short-toed lark — Alaudala heinei Twite — Linaria flavirostris Two-barred warbler — Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus Upcher's warbler — Hippolais languida Upland sandpiper — Bartramia longicauda Ural owl — Strix uralensis Velvet scoter — Melanitta fusca Vinous-breasted myna — Acridotheres leucocephalus Vinous-throated parrotbill — Suthora webbiana Wallcreeper — Tichodroma muraria Water pipit — Anthus spinoletta Water rail — Rallus aquaticus Western barn owl — Tyto alba Western black-eared wheatear — Oenanthe hispanica Western Bonelli's warbler — Phylloscopus bonelli Western capercaillie — Tetrao urogallus Western marsh harrier — Circus aeruginosus Western olivaceous warbler — Iduna opaca Western Orphean warbler — Curruca hortensis Western reef heron — Egretta gularis Western rock nuthatch — Sitta neumayer Western sandpiper — Calidris mauri Western subalpine warbler — Curruca iberiae Western swamphen — Porphyrio porphyrio Western yellow wagtail — Motacilla flava Whimbrel — Numenius phaeopus Whinchat — Saxicola rubetra Whiskered tern — Chlidonias hybrida White stork — Ciconia ciconia White wagtail — Motacilla alba White's thrush — Zoothera aurea White-backed woodpecker — Dendrocopos leucotos White-cheeked tern — Sterna repressa White-crowned sparrow — Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned wheatear — Oenanthe leucopyga White-eared bulbul — Pycnonotus leucotis White-eyed gull — Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus White-faced storm-petrel — Pelagodroma marina White-headed duck — Oxyura leucocephala White-rumped sandpiper — Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped swift — Apus caffer White-spectacled bulbul — Pycnonotus xanthopygos White-tailed eagle — Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed lapwing — Vanellus leucurus White-throated dipper — Cinclus cinclus White-throated kingfisher — Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated robin — Irania gutturalis White-throated sparrow — Zonotrichia albicollis White-winged crossbill — Loxia leucoptera White-winged lark — Alauda leucoptera White-winged scoter — Melanitta deglandi White-winged snowfinch — Montifringilla nivalis White-winged tern — Chlidonias leucopterus Whooper swan — Cygnus cygnus Willow ptarmigan — Lagopus lagopus Willow tit — Poecile montanus Willow warbler — Phylloscopus trochilus Wilson's phalarope — Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's snipe — Gallinago delicata Wilson's storm-petrel — Oceanites oceanicus Wood lark — Lullula arborea Wood sandpiper — Tringa glareola Wood warbler — Phylloscopus sibilatrix Woodchat shrike — Lanius senator Yelkouan shearwater — Puffinus yelkouan Yellow-billed loon — Gavia adamsii Yellow-breasted bunting — Emberiza aureola Yellow-browed warbler — Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-crowned bishop — Euplectes afer Yellow-crowned night-heron — Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-legged gull — Larus michahellis Yellow-rumped warbler — Setophaga coronata Yellow-throated sparrow — Gymnoris xanthocollis Yellowhammer — Emberiza citrinella Zino's petrel — Pterodroma madeira Zitting cisticola — Cisticola juncidis

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