All species › Waders, gulls and terns › Gulls and terns
Gulls and terns | Laridae
Meeuwen en sterns | Gaviotas y charranes
Three fully webbed front toes and a small, raised hind toe: these birds can rest on the water, and salt glands above the eyes let them drink sea water as well. Two builds stand side by side within the family: heavier birds with a stout, slightly hooked bill that will eat almost anything they can get hold of, and slighter birds with a thin, pointed bill held downwards while hovering, before they drop into the water. They nest almost always in ground colonies, with one to three blotched eggs; the downy chicks stay at the nest and are fed by both parents, unlike the self-feeding young of the waders. Most species moult twice a year and show a different head pattern in winter, and in the largest species it takes two to four years before the adult plumage is complete.
Native species 24 species
Species that occur here by nature: breeding birds, winter visitors and passage migrants. They are arranged by genus, in the sequence of the list.
Chlidonias 3 species
Chroicocephalus 2 species
Gelochelidon 1 species
Hydroprogne 1 species
Larus 2 species
Onychoprion 2 species
Rynchops 1 species
Sterna 5 species
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Arctic Tern
Sterna paradisaea
Open sea
-

Antarctic Tern
Sterna vittata
Open sea
Coastal rocks and islands
-

Kerguelen Tern
Sterna virgata
Coastal rocks and islands
Open sea
-

Common Tern
Sterna hirundo
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Salt pans
-

Roseate Tern
Sterna dougallii
Coastal rocks and islands
Open sea
Sternula 2 species
Thalasseus 4 species
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Sandwich Tern
Thalasseus sandvicensis
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
-

Greater Crested Tern
Thalasseus bergii
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Coastal rocks and islands
-

West African Crested Tern
Thalasseus albididorsalis
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
-

Lesser Crested Tern
Thalasseus bengalensis
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Xema 1 species
Vagrants 12 species
Birds blown in from other continents. They have no range here, and so no distribution map.
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Black Skimmer
Rynchops niger
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Rivers, marshes and vleis
-

Brown Noddy
Anous stolidus
Open sea
Coastal rocks and islands
-

Lesser Noddy
Anous tenuirostris
Open sea
-

Saunders's Tern
Sternula saundersi
Mangrove and coastal marsh
-

Elegant Tern
Thalasseus elegans
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
-

White-Cheeked Tern
Sterna repressa
Open sea
Mangrove and coastal marsh
-

Little Gull
Hydrocoloeus minutus
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Rivers, marshes and vleis
-

Black-Legged Kittiwake
Rissa tridactyla
Open sea
Coastal rocks and islands
-

Black-Headed Gull
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Rivers, marshes and vleis
Mangrove and coastal marsh
-

Laughing Gull
Leucophaeus atricilla
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Coastal rocks and islands
-

Franklin's Gull
Leucophaeus pipixcan
Rivers, marshes and vleis
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Gardens and built-up land
-

Sooty Gull
Ichthyaetus hemprichii
Mangrove and coastal marsh
Coastal rocks and islands















